Nikolay and Michael discuss under-indexing — how to tell if this applies to you, some general and specific cases, as well as some tricky ones.  Here are some links to things they mentioned: Indexes (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes.html  random_page_cost https://postgresqlco.nf/doc/en/param/random_page_cost/ Sequential scans https://www.pgmustard.com/docs/explain/sequential-scan   pg_stat_user_tables https://pgpedia.info/p/pg_stat_user_tables.html  pg_stat_statements https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstatstatements.html auto_explain https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auto-explain.html  Our episode on slow queries https://postgres.fm/episodes/slow-queries-and-slow-transactions  Our episode on query macro analysis https://postgres.fm/episodes/macro-query-analysis-intro Running 10 Million PostgreSQL Indexes In Production (And Counting) https://www.heap.io/blog/running-10-million-postgresql-indexes-in-production  Faceting large result sets in PostgreSQL https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/en/faceting-large-result-sets/  Our episode on over-indexing https://postgres.fm/episodes/over-indexing  ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc! ~~~ Postgres FM is brought to you by: Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard With special thanks to: Jessie Draws for the amazing artwork