In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of parotitis in the pediatric population! Key teaching points include: * Parotitis = Inflammation of the parotid glands * Acute parotitis is usually infectious, most commonly viral * Mumps is most common viral cause in children, often bilateral * Bacterial parotitis can cause suppurative parotitis seen in premature infants and immunosuppressed children * Acute parotitis on US: Enlarged, heterogeneous, hyperemic gland(s) +/- lymphadenopathy * Since can be bilateral, comparison scanning essential * Bacterial parotitis may be complicated by abscess * “Pomegranate sign” may be seen in setting of acute parotitis: Uniform anechoic foci scattered throughout the gland * Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) = Recurrent inflammatory parotitis in children of unknown etiology * JRP is rare, but second most common cause of parotitis in childhood after mumps * JRP often begins between age 3-6, typically resolves spontaneously after puberty * Usually idiopathic, JRP can be presenting symptom of Sjogren’s syndrome, lymphoma, and underlying immunodeficiency * JRP on US: May be unilateral or bilateral, multiple hypoechoic foci of salivary secretions scattered throughout the gland +/- central calcifications, color Doppler can be normal * Additional causes of parotitis: Sialolithiasis/obstruction, autoimmune (Sjogren syndrome, chronic sclerosing sialadenitis), infectious (HIV, TB), and sarcoidosis (rare in children). To learn more about the Samsung RS85 Prestige ultrasound system, please visit: https://www.bostonimaging.com/rs85-prestige-ultrasound-system-4 Click the YouTube Community tab or follow on social media for bonus teaching material posted throughout the week! Spotify: https://spoti.fi/462r0F2 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/Radquarters/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Radquarters/ X (Twitter): https://twitter.com/Radquarters Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/radiologistHQ/