This week on Sinica, Kaiser chats with Elsa Kania, a Ph.D. candidate in Harvard University's Department of Government and adjunct fellow at the Center for a New American Security who researches China's military strategy, defense innovation, and emerging technologies. Elsa joins the show to discuss China’s push for Military-Civil Fusion, debunking some of the myths about the program that U.S. pundits and policymakers have imbibed. 03:54 – Did the concept of Military-Civil Fusion start with the leadership of Xi Jinping? 06:48 What were the barriers to MCF’s successful implementation before Xi’s leadership? 09:50 – The comparison between attempts and successes of MCF in China and the U.S. 15:39 – Areas of focus of China’s MCF. Which areas offer the most significant possibility for success? 20:17 – A look at the perceived legal obligation of Chinese companies to participate in MCF 24:59 – The collaboration between Chinese and American researchers in light of MCF 31:00 – The awareness of Chinese policy-makers of the sensitivities associated with MCF by other nations 34:56 – Does MCF have the same place of prominence in the Biden administration  that it did in the Trump’ administration? 37:20 – How should we approach the policy of MCF? 42:27 – Is the U.S. trying to “out-China” China? A complete transcript of this podcast is available at TheChinaProject.com. Recommendations: Elsa: Translation State by Ann Leckie Kaiser: A recipe for making homemade nuomi cha / genmai cha — green tea with roasted glutinous rice See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.