Description
4.10 Gout and Pseudogout
Rheumotology review for the USMLE Step 1 Exam.
Gout
Caused by uric acid crystal deposition due to purine metabolism. Triggers inflammation when crystals precipitate in cooler joint fluid. Presents with severe, red, and swollen monoarticular joints, often in the big toe. Diagnosis through synovial fluid analysis. Acute treatment: colchicine, NSAIDs, and glucocorticoids. Preventive treatment: allopurinol, febuxostat, probenecid, and lifestyle changes. Pseudogout
Resulting from calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition, often due to ATP breakdown. Manifests with painful, swollen joints, typically affecting multiple upper extremity joints, especially the knee. Diagnosis through synovial fluid analysis. Acute treatment resembles gout management. No direct preventive treatment to lower calcium pyrophosphate levels. Thanks for listening!
4.11 Antibody Review
Rheumatology review for the USMLE Step 1 Exam.
ANA Principles
ANA (Anti-Nuclear Antibody): Non-specific antibody. Reacts against nuclear antigens, including proteins, DNA, RNA, and nucleic acid-protein complexes. Includes a group of antibodies such as anti-dsDNA,...
Published 11/15/23
4.09 Rheumatologic Emergencies
Rheumatology review for USMLE Step 1 Exam
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)
A large vessel vasculitis, mainly in older individuals. Symptoms: headache, jaw claudication, vision loss. Ischemia from granulomas in large vessels causes vision loss. Immediate high-dose...
Published 11/01/23