Contributor(s): Lida Sherafatmand, Ruaridh Arrow, Captain APF Cassar | This public lecture is part of the LSE Arts exhibition Internal Worlds, External Relations. This lecture is based on a research paper exploring basic elements of human nature analysis and their crucial link to peace and conflict studies in international relations today, while arguing that public awareness of this link is very important if we seek a more harmonious and peaceful world. Richard Ned Lebow indicated four internal primary forces which push us to belong to and to take action within a collective entity. He categorized these four basic elements under: fear, spirit (self-esteem and honour), reason (rationality) and appetite. A more elaborated breakdown of such basic elements of human nature can be found in a very ancient text from Far East philosophy, put together by the Chinese philosopher T’ien T’ai back in the 6th century. Such elaborated breakdown helps us in the process of building a peace culture which has been proposed by several scholars today. Ruaridh Arrow is a journalist and film-maker who directed the multi-award winning documentary on the Nobel Peace Prize nominee, Dr Gene Sharp, the world's foremost authority on nonviolent struggle. Arrow reported for the BBC from Tahrir Square during the Egyptian revolution and has worked as a broadcast consultant to television stations in Afghanistan. A former research affiliate in Revolutionary Warfare at Harvard Law School, he is currently finishing his first book on the history and techniques of strategic nonviolent action. Adrian Cassar recently retired from the Royal Navy and has wide experience of policy formulation across Whitehall, operational planning and crisis management. He has seen service leading multinational forces in the Arabian Gulf, in NATO and in command of the frigate GRAFTON, again in the Gulf. In his final post he worked with EU colleges to develop collaborative studies in defence and security. Artist Lida Sherafatmand is an International Relations PhD candidate on hold for Keele University and graduate from The University of Malta and University Saint-Denis Paris VIII. Lida is inspired by the theories of Professor Ned Lebow and her own experiences of conflict growing up in the Iran-Iraq war. Professor Chris Brown is Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics and contributes to the LSE British Politics and Policy blog.