In this episode, Uzair talks to Dr. Ilhan Niaz about what is going on in Pakistan today and what we can learn from history to understand the present and what may come in the future. We also talked about why the political class is morally bankrupt, how the judiciary has ceded space, and why the military has been able to reassert itself in the country’s political economy. Dr. Niaz is chair of the history department at the Quaid-e-Azam University and author of several books, including The State During the British Raj: Imperial Governance in South Asia, 1700-1947. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 0:55 Understanding the present 8:10 How the military draws power 16:26 The supreme court’s role today 27:15 Maintaining unity among civilians 32:15 Has Khan awakened the masses? 40:37 Scenarios for the future 46:05 The role of geopolitical rents 50:54 Is Shehbaz the worst PM in history?