Correction from last time – HVAC – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. Thanks Tim! (no, really) History 1975 – First self contained digital camera. 100px by 100px (0.01 megapixels) – By who? Any guesses? CCD sensor. Took 23 seconds to record an image 1981 – Sony Mavica camera. 0.72mp. Recorded to floppy disk. CCD 1999 – Nikon D1 – First DSLR. 2.74mp 2000 – Canon EOS D30. 3.25mp CMOS sensor 2001 – 5MP 2007 – 12MP 2009 – 18MP 2016 – Canon 5DSR – 50MP How do they work? Each pixel is basically a very tiny solar panel, which converts light to electrons. CCD (charge-coupled device) vs CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) In CCD, this generated charge is carried across the sensor to a single point at the side where it is read. Special manufacturing process means no distortion when the charge is moved. High quality, low noise images. In CMOS, there are transistors that increase the voltage and carry this to a chip. This allows every pixel to be read individually. However, these transistors are vulnerable to noise. Megapixels, do they matter? Not really. 20MP = Good quality at 1m x 1.5m print. HUGE! Full Frame – same as 35mm film camera Crop Sensor – Crops the image, smaller sensor, so smaller camera. Multiplies the focal length of a lens. E.g Nikon D500 – 1.5x crop factor Webcams Lower resolution, higher framers. 720 – 1280×720 which is 0.9mp 1080 – 1920×1080 which is 2.1 megapixels 20MP is Rolling shutter – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNVtMmLlnoE