Welcome to episode 45 of the FREE Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant Board Review Podcast. Today we are going to take a brief detour away from 10 daily questions and instead cover the murmurs you need to know for your PANCE and PANRE exam. I have still included an 11 question exam at the end of this post so make sure you scroll down after you listen to the podcast. There are a total of 17 cardiac conditions that may present on exam day in the form of a descriptive sound/murmur. You will often be given supporting evidence such as the location of auscultation or radiation which you can use to narrow down your options. There are total of 51 cardiac topics in the  NCCPA™ Cardiology PANCE and PANRE Content Blueprint which represents 16% of the PANCE and PANRE exam. (click here to download the FREE NCCPA Content Blueprint cheat sheet) These cardiac conditions and their associated murmurs cover a whopping 33% of the cardiology section of the PANCE and PANRE exam! Take a listen to this week’s podcast episode If you can’t see the audio player click here to listen to the full episode. Let’s break this all down: Each of the links below opens the corresponding lesson on SmartyPANCE and is available to members (you must be logged in or join now) There are 9 valvular disorders associated with murmurs: Valvular Disorders (PEARLS and Flashcards) Aortic stenosis (ReelDx) Aortic regurgitation (Diastolic Murmur) Mitral stenosis (Diastolic) Mitral regurgitation Mitral valve prolapse Tricuspid stenosis Tricuspid regurgitation Pulmonary stenosis Pulmonary regurgitation Five congenital heart diseases that have corresponding murmurs Congenital Heart Diseases (PEARLS)