What does the body of evidence say on lupus, the autoimmune disease that famously imitates so many other illnesses? Plus: a new study shows that Tylenol in pregnancy is not associated with neurodevelopmental problems, and Chris revisits the topic of red meat following a listener’s question.   A Block: Lupus (0:57) How common lupus is; what may be causing it; what lupus looks like; how complicated its diagnosis is; what treatment options exist B Block: Tylenol in Pregnancy (34:27) Is Tylenol use in pregnancy really responsible for autism, ADHD, and intellectual disability? A new study says no. C Block: Red Meat (50:13) Are the harms of eating red meat regularly nowhere near as bad as we were told?   * Theme music: “Fall of the Ocean Queen“ by Joseph Hackl * Assistant researcher: Aigul Zaripova   To contribute to The Body of Evidence, go to our Patreon page at: http://www.patreon.com/thebodyofevidence/. To make a one-time donation to our show, you can now use PayPal! https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=9QZET78JZWCZE Patrons get a bonus show on Patreon called “Digressions”! Check it out!   References: Lupus epidemiology: 1) https://www.lupuscanada.org/living-with-lupus/what-is-lupus/ 2) https://doi.org/10.1177/096120339500400303 3) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-021-00668-1 Causes of lupus: 4) DOI: 10.1002/art.22510  5) DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-12_part_1-200506210-00004 6) https://doi.org/10.1097/bor.0b013e32833c6297 7) https://doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(90)70020-i 8) https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2007.084582 9) DOI: 10.1177/0961203306069346 What lupus looks like in a patient: 10) https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-lupus-erythematosus 11) https://dermnetnz.org/topics/discoid-lupus-erythematosus 12) doi: 10.2147/CCID.S269288  13) https://dermnetnz.org/topics/raynaud-phenomenon 14) DOI: 10.1097/01.md.0000091181.93122.55  15) DOI: 10.1002/art.39070  How to manage lupus: 16) DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207726 17) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12784392/ 18) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.12.025 19) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2017.02.005 20) DOI: 10.1191/096120398678919778 21) https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.101766 22) DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa035471 23) https://doi.org/10.1191/0961203305lu2039oa 24) DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010668.pub2  25) DOI: 10.1002/art.27233 26) DOI: 10.1002/art.34359 27) DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000284 28) DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1912196 29) https://ash.confex.com/ash/2023/webprogram/Paper180547.html 30) https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-02062-5   31) Study on Tylenol in pregnancy: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.3172