Over the last two decades, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has transformed from what Dr. Andrew Ward calls the “outcast of structural biology” to one of the most promising technologies in the field. Ward, professor of integrative structural and computational biology at Scripps Research Institute, speaks with moderator Brandon DeKosky, assistant professor of chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, about the evolution of cryo-EM and how its direct detector transformative technology enables scientists to craft favorable antibody responses.  Ward also talks about cryo-EM’s technological advantages when working with proteins, sterilizing immunity, and designing accurate structural biology pipelines that lead to next-generation vaccines. Finally, Ward offers his predictions about the immunological breakthroughs he thinks structural biologists will accomplish in the very near future.   Links from this episode:   Scripps Research Institute PepTalk Conference Discovery on Target Conference