We talk to Shelly Lundberg, the Leonard Broom Professor of Demography and Associate Director of the Broom Center for Demography at the University of California, Santa Barbara, about the long-embedded gender gaps in many professional fields, including her own—economics. She guides us through the role that anti-discrimination legislation has played in correcting these disparities, and addresses the flawed ways that economists have traditionally taught and measured them. Our Inequality in Perspective segment considers the challenges faced by Marthe Gautier, the female French scientist believed to be the first person to discover an extra chromosome in those with Down’s Syndrome, in having her contribution to research duly recognized. The Broom Center for Demography: https://broomcenter.ucsb.edu/ “After More than 50 Years, a Dispute Over Down Syndrome Discovery” (Science): https://www.science.org/content/article/after-more-50-years-dispute-over-down-syndrome-discovery “Down Syndrome Discover Dispute Resurfaces in France” (Nature): https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2014.14690