He is Russian President Vladimir Putin’s most determined and outspoken opponent. He was nearly poisoned to death in 2020. Today, Alexei Navalny is in prison and Russia has changed a great deal. A five-part AFP podcast series.   Episode #5 Exile We fly to Lithuania, which has become a refuge for Russian opposition figures in exile because of repression in their own country. From there they try to convince Russians and the world to take action against President Vladimir Putin’s government. In Siberia, other Kremlin critics see themselves as in a form of internal exile. As European leaders struggle over how to deal with Russia, mixing sanctions with dialogue, we ask: What does the future hold for Russia, and for its opposition?   Sources  Vladimir Milov, Russian opposition politician who has worked with Alexei Navalny; Pyotr Tolstoy, vice-president of the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament; Vladimir Kara-Murza, opposition politician;  Danute Gailiene, professor of psychology at the University of Vilnius ; Jacques Maire, member of French parliament and of President Emmanuel Macron’s “En Marche!” party.  Viktor Muchnik, chief editor of independent Russian media outlet TV2 in Tomsk. Mikhail Khodorkovsky, exiled Russian businessman and opposition figure. Ekaterina Schulmann, political scientist specializing in Russia  Archives : Vladimir Putin, Angela Merkel Credits Authors: Jonathan Brown and Andrea Palasciano in Moscow, Antoine Boyer and Sarah-Lou Lepers in Paris. Hosts: Jonathan Brown and Andrea Palasciano. Editing : Antoine Boyer and Sarah-Lou Lepers. Translations: Vassily Koloskov. In Vilnius : Vaidotas Beniusus, Saulius Jakučionis. Music: Clemence Reliat and Nicolas Vair. Illustration: David Lory. Mixing: Christophe Robert. Communication: Amir Ajkic, Boris Bachorz, Coline Sallois. Marketing: Eleonora Gallerani, Laurent Nicolas. Editors in Chief : Michaela Cancela-Kieffer, Michael Mainville, Antoine Lambroschini.