In this episode, Gavin Bridge from Durham University and Gisa Weszkalnys from the London School of Economics are joined by Andy Samuel, the former Chief Executive of the North Sea Transition Authority, and Catherine Howarth, the CEO of ShareAction for a conversation about licensing and regulation in the oil sector: how policy has developed, and how it should evolve in the face of the climate emergency. Our panelists also explore how activist shareholders can influence oil companies; how much responsibility oil producers currently bear for their emissions – and how much they should; and, the need for an orderly transition in the North Sea, preventing stranded assets and liabilities.  Other contributors include former Chair of the Climate Change Committee Lord Deben; co-founder of Extinction Rebellion Gail Bradbrook; and, Head of Oil, Gas and Mining at Carbon Tracker Initiative Mike Coffin.  –  This episode was recorded the day before the regulator gave approval to the Norwegian energy giant Equinor to develop Rosebank, the largest untapped oil field in the UK. The implications of, and response to, this decision is discussed further in Episode Four of Tides of Transformation. –  For more information about Tides of Transformation: An Oil Story, please visit: https://www.intelligencesquared.com/tides-of-transformation/. This series was produced in partnership with the Fraying Ties? project. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices