Transcript: Thermal equilibrium is an important physical principle. When two substances have unequal temperatures, thermal equilibrium means that they will tend to evolve to a situation of equal temperature. At a microscopic level we know that temperature denotes the instantaneous random speed...

Transcript: Thermodynamics is the name for the scientific study of the way heat flows. When materials of unequal temperatures come into contact heat will flow from the hotter to the cooler material. Isaac Newton was the first person to show that the rate of flow of thermal energy from a hotter...

Transcript: As the temperature of a gas is raised, the microscopic motions of the atoms and molecules increase. As the velocities of the atoms and molecules increase, they collide harder and harder. At a temperature of several thousand Kelvin, the atoms or molecules collide with sufficient...