Learn about why we need memorials for medicine; NASA’s Phantom Torso experiment; and why we often overestimate outliers. Additional resources from Steven Johnson: Pick up "Extra Life: A Short History of Living Longer": https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/594501/extra-life-by-steven-johnson/  Website: https://stevenberlinjohnson.com/  Twitter: https://twitter.com/stevenbjohnson  The Phantom Torso Experiment Protected Future Astronauts In The Creepiest Way Possible by Ashley Hamer Experiment Details. (2021). Nasa.gov. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=994  We overestimate the outliers we see, which may hamper diversity efforts by Kelsey Donk Focus on outliers creates flawed snap judgments. (2021). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-05/du-foo051121.php  Khaw, M. W., Kranton, R., & Huettel, S. (2021). Oversampling of minority categories drives misperceptions of group compositions. Cognition, 214, 104756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104756  Shandwick, W. (2015). The female CEO reputation premium? Differences and Similarities. https://www.webershandwick.com/uploads/news/files/female-ceo-reputation-premium-executive-summary.pdf  Layton, J. (2016, June 16). How 17 Equals 49.6: The Amazing Multiplying Women. HowStuffWorks. https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/human-nature/perception/how-17-equals-496-the-amazing-multiplying-women.htm  https://www.asc.upenn.edu/news-events/news/correcting-misperceptions-about-and-increasing-empathy-migrants  Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to learn something new every day withCody Gough andAshley Hamer — for free!  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.