In Episode 3 of the Lifespan Podcast, Dr. David Sinclair and Matthew LaPlante dive deeply into the science of non-dietary interventions that mimic adversity and promote health. They begin by highlighting how different types of physical activity (i.e., low-intensity aerobic exercise, high-intensity aerobic exercise, and weight training) protect against age-related disease and enhance longevity. David and Matthew additionally highlight the latest evidence behind hyperbaric oxygen therapy, cold therapy, and heat therapy. As they discuss different adversity mimetics, they also explain how these interventions influence aging at the molecular and physiological levels. Thank you to our sponsors: Athletic Greens - https://athleticgreens.com/sinclair  Levels - https://levels.link/sinclair  InsideTracker - https://insidetracker.com/sinclair  Our Patreon page:  https://www.patreon.com/davidsinclair Timestamps: (00:00:00) Introducing Episode 3: Exercise Hot Cold (00:01:01) A Pernicisous Element Called Iron (00:02:46) A Quick Primer on Free Radicals (00:05:42) Review of Dietary Takeaways (00:07:01) Sponsors (00:09:32 Biological Adversity & the Survival Circuit (00:13:24) Survival Sensors (i.e., mTOR, AMPK, and Sirtuins) & Communicators (e.g., Insulin) (00:17:25) Get Off Your Butt (00:19:40) Exercise Protects against Disease & Mortality (00:21:17) Daily Step Count and Walking After Eating (00:22:33) Exercise Activates AMPK and Creates More Mitochondria (00:24:03) Vigorous Exercise, Hypoxia, the Electron Transport Chain (00:28:19) Exercise Increases Glucose Sensitivity and Stimulates Blood Vessel Formation (00:32:13) The Epigenome and Biological Age are Impacted by Exercise (00:36:43) How to Measure your Biological Age (00:37:31) Exercise Recommendations (00:39:28) Wearables and Individualized Health Tracking (00:43:14) The Importance of Weight Training (00:46:08) Physical Activity & Senescent Cells (00:48:01) Wrap-up & Takeaways (00:49:47) Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (00:57:24) Cold Therapy (01:03:50) Applying Heat (01:07:04) Adversity Mimetics Produce Endorphins (01:08:07) A Basic Protocol for Mimicking Adversity (01:10:04) Next Week: Molecules & Supplements (01:10:45) Subscription & Support For the full show notes, including the peer-reviewed studies, visit the Lifespan podcast website. Please note that Lifespan with Dr. David Sinclair is distinct from Dr. Sinclair's teaching and research roles at Harvard Medical School. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Lifespan with Dr. David Sinclair podcast, its employees, guests and affiliates assume no liability for the application of the information discussed. Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Special thanks to our research assistants, Adiv Johnson & Sarah Ryan.