Valerie meets up with Bjørn Kjetil Mauritzen, Head of Sustainability from Hydro, a Norwegian aluminum and renewable energy company. It is also one of the world’s largest aluminum company. We discuss the hot topics of industrial sustainability, holistic value chain approaches and innovations applied in the heavy industries towards sustainability. Aluminum production is deeply complex as it has heavy carbon emissions, it is extractive of raw material, and could create toxic chemicals in production that results in polluting local waters. On the other hand, it is known to be the greener metal compared to the other metals as it is largely recyclable, and has a big recyclable potential.  In addition, Bjørn shares his intriguing personal journey, tracing their transition from the world of crude oil trading to their current pivotal role in industrial sustainability. Through this enlightening episode, we gain invaluable insights into the strategic approach adopted by the Hydro company to navigate the intricate landscape of sustainability while maintaining profitability. Our guest unveils the very tangible challenges encountered along the way, with a particular focus on the intricate interplay between aluminum and key industries such as electric vehicle (EV) batteries, renewable energy, and the elusive realm of consumer behavior. With EVs revolutionizing the automotive sector, we unravel the vital relationship between aluminum production and the quest for sustainable battery technologies. Bjørn Kjetil offers a wealth of knowledge on the concerted efforts being made to ensure that aluminum production processes and supply chains align seamlessly with sustainable practices, mitigating the environmental impact associated with EV battery manufacturing. But our exploration does not stop there. We shed light on the profound significance of fair trade within the aluminum industry, as our guest emphasizes the critical need for inclusive practices that extend benefits to all stakeholders. The path to a greener and fairer aluminum industry is to prioritize the well-being of communities, workers, and marginalized groups. Join us in discussion as we peel back the layers of industrial sustainability challenges, delve into the innovative and value chain opportunities that lie within, and continue the progression towards a fairer trade for all stakeholders concerned. Correction of the New York's tax free bagel: https://www.npr.org/2023/04/19/1170715220/tax-free-bagel-loophole-sandwich-tax --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/modernidealist/message