This lecture elaborates on the microscopic pictures of energy carriers. It explains more details on energy transfer, and compares between micro and nanoscale phenomena, including classical size effects and quantum size effects.

This lecture covers topics, including the basic wave characteristics, wave-particle duality in both electromagnetic waves and material waves, and also the fundamentals in the mathematical description of wave mechanics.

This lecture continues to explore the repulsive force between particles and surfaces in liquids and learn more on electrokinetics. It also investigates the size effect on phase transition.