All episodes of PaperPlayer biorxiv microbiology

Episodes

Identifying potential hosts of short-branch Microsporidia

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.249938v1?rss=1 Authors: Doliwa, A., Dunthorn, M. E., Rassoshanska, E., Mahe, F., Bass, D., Ritter, C. D. Abstract: Microsporidia are obligate parasites that are closely related to Fungi. While the widely-known long-branch Microsporidia infect mostly animals, the hosts of short-branch Microsporidia are only partially characterized or not known at all. Here, we used network analyses from Neotropical rainforest soil...

Published 08/14/20

Machine learning reveals time-varying microbial predictors with complex effects on glucose regulation

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.250423v1?rss=1 Authors: Aasmets, O., Lüll, K., Lang, J. M., Pan, C., Kuusisto, J., Fischer, K., Laakso, M., Lusis, A. J., Org, E. Abstract: The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing globally and a growing body of evidence links type 2 diabetes with altered microbiota composition. Type 2 diabetes is preceded by a long pre-diabetic state characterized by changes in various metabolic parameters. We...

Published 08/14/20

Longitudinal metatranscriptomic analysis of a meat spoilage microbiome detects abundant continued fermentation and environmental stress responses during shelf life and beyond.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.250449v1?rss=1 Authors: Hultman, J., Johansson, P., Björkroth, J. Abstract: Microbial food spoilage is a complex phenomenon associated with the succession of the specific spoilage organisms (SSO) over the course of time. We performed a longitudinal metatranscriptomic study on a modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) beef product to increase understanding of the longitudinal behavior of a spoilage microbiome during shelf...

Published 08/14/20

Population analysis of Legionella pneumophila reveals the basis of resistance to complement-mediated killing

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.14.250670v1?rss=1 Authors: Fitzgerald, J. R., Wee, B., Alves, J., Lindsay, D., Cameron, R., Pickering, A., Gorzynski, J., Corander, J., Marttinen, P., Smith, A. Abstract: Legionella pneumophila is the most common cause of the severe respiratory infection known as Legionnaires disease. L. pneumophila is typically a symbiont of free-living amoeba, and our understanding of the bacterial factors that determine human...

Published 08/14/20

Mammalian deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitors display in vitro and in vivo activity against malaria parasites and potentiate artemisinin action

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.249425v1?rss=1 Authors: Simwela, N. V., Hughes, K. R. P., Rennie, M. T., Barrett, M. P., Waters, A. P. Abstract: Current malaria control efforts rely significantly on artemisinin combinational therapies which have played massive roles in alleviating the global burden of the disease. Emergence of resistance to artemisinins is therefore, not just alarming but requires immediate intervention points such as development of...

Published 08/14/20

Quantitative analysis of the splice variants expressed by the major hepatitis B virus genotypes

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.12.249060v1?rss=1 Authors: Lim, C. S., Sozzi, V., Revill, P., Brown, C. Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen that causes liver diseases. The main HBV RNAs are unspliced transcripts that encode the key viral proteins. Recent studies show that some of the HBV spliced transcript isoforms are predictive of liver cancer, yet the roles of these spliced transcripts remain elusive. Furthermore, a total of 9...

Published 08/14/20

Blocking palmitoylation of Toxoplasma gondii myosin light chain 1 disrupts glideosome composition but has little impact on parasite motility

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.250399v1?rss=1 Authors: Rompikuntal, P. K., Foe, I. T., Deng, B., Bogyo, M., WARD, G. E. Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread apicomplexan parasite that causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and the developing fetus. Like other apicomplexans, T. gondii uses an unusual form of gliding motility to invade cells of its hosts and to disseminate throughout the body during infection. It is well...

Published 08/14/20

Furin cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 Spike promotes but is not essential for infection and cell-cell fusion

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.243303v1?rss=1 Authors: Papa, G., Mallery, D., Albecka, A., Welch, L., Cattin-Ortola, J., Luptak, J., Paul, D., McMahon, H., Goodfellow, I. G., Carter, A. P., Munro, S. P., James, L. C. Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells by binding to the host cell receptor Ace2 and undergoing virus-host membrane fusion. Fusion is triggered by the protease TMPRSS2, which processes the...

Published 08/14/20

Bacterial Vipp1 and PspA are members of the ancient ESCRT-III membrane-remodelling superfamily

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.249979v1?rss=1 Authors: Liu, J., Tassinari, M., Souza, D. P., Naskar, S., Noel, J. K., Bohuszewicz, O., Buck, M., Williams, T. A., Baum, B., Low, H. H. Abstract: Membrane remodelling and repair are essential for all cells. Proteins that perform these functions include Vipp1/IM30 in photosynthetic plastids, PspA in bacteria, CdvB in TACK archaea and ESCRT-III in eukaryotes. Here, we show that these protein families are...

Published 08/14/20

Bacterial gene essentiality under modeled microgravity

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.250431v1?rss=1 Authors: Burgos, E., Vroom, M. M., Rotman, E. R., Murphy-Belcaster, M., Foster, J. S., Mandel, M. J. Abstract: The health of eukaryotic hosts is tightly connected to relationships with symbiotic microorganisms, yet how these relationships develop and evolve during long-duration spaceflight is not well understood. In this study, we asked what bacterial genes are required for growth under modeled, or...

Published 08/14/20

Microbiota in milk from healthy and mastitis cows varies greatly in diversity, species richness and composition, as revealed by PacBio sequencing

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.249524v1?rss=1 Authors: Ma, T., Shen, L., Wen, Q., Lv, R., Hou, Q., Kwok, L.-Y., Sun, Z., Zhang, H. Abstract: Mastitis is the most economically important disease of dairy cows. This study used PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology to sequence the full-length of the l6S rRNA from the microbiota in 27 milk samples (18 from mastitis and 9 from healthy cows; the cows were at different stages of lactation)....

Published 08/14/20

Immunoreactive peptide maps of SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.249953v1?rss=1 Authors: Mishra, N., Huang, X., Joshi, S., Guo, C., Ng, J., Thakkar, R., Wu, Y., Dong, X., Li, Q., Pinapati, R., Sullivan, E., Caciula, A., Tokarz, R., Briese, T., Lu, J., Lipkin, W. I. Abstract: Serodiagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is impeded by immunological cross-reactivity to the human coronaviruses (HCoV) SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, OC43, 229E, HKU1, and NL63. Here we report the...

Published 08/14/20

Broiler Chickens and Early Life Programming: Microbiome transplant-induced cecal bacteriome dynamics and phenotypic effects

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.240572v1?rss=1 Authors: Ramirez, G. A., Richardson, E., Clark, J., Keshri, J., Drechsler, Y., Berrang, M. E., Meinersmann, R. J., Cox, N. A., Oakley, B. B. Abstract: The concept of successional trajectories describes how small differences in initial community composition can magnify through time and lead to significant differences in mature communities. For many animals, the types and sources of early-life exposures to...

Published 08/14/20

The Nutrient and Energy Pathway Requirements for Surface Motility of Nonpathogenic and Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.12.249037v1?rss=1 Authors: Sudarshan, S., Hogins, J., Ambagaspitiye Gedara, S., Zimmern, P. E., Reitzer, L. Abstract: Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the causative pathogen for most uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Flagellar-mediated motility is essential for virulence and colonization for ascending urinary tract infections. The appendage requirement for surface motility depends on the strain: nonpathogenic E. coli...

Published 08/14/20

Microbial community shifts reflect losses of native soil carbon with pyrogenic and fresh organic matter additions and are greatest in low-carbon soils

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.12.249094v1?rss=1 Authors: Whitman, T., DeCiucies, S., Hanley, K., Enders, A., Woolet, J., Lehmann, J. Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in regulating global climate change, carbon and nutrient cycling in soils, and soil moisture. Organic matter (OM) additions to soils can affect the rate at which SOC is mineralized by microbes, with potentially important effects on SOC stocks. Understanding how...

Published 08/14/20

Two sides of a coin: a Zika virus mutation selected in pregnant rhesus macaques promotes fetal infection in mice but at a cost of reduced fitness in nonpregnant macaques and diminished transmissibility by vectors

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.11.247411v1?rss=1 Authors: Lemos, D., Stuart, J. B., Louie, W., Singapuri, A., Ramirez, A. L., Watanabe, J., Usachenko, J., Keesler, R., Sanchez-San Martin, C., Li, T., Martyn, C., Oliveira, G., Saraf, S., Grubaugh, N. D., Andersen, K., Thissen, J. B., Allen, J., Borucki, M. K., Tsetsarkin, K. A., Pletnev, A. G., Chiu, C. Y., Van Rompay, K. K. A., Coffey, L. L. Abstract: Although fetal death is now understood to be a...

Published 08/13/20

New Genotypes and Diversity of Orientia tsutsugamushi Isolated from Scrub Typhus Patients in South Korea as Determined by Multilocus Sequence Typing

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.249219v1?rss=1 Authors: Hwang, J.-H., Kim, J., Sun, I. O., Lee, T. H., Chung, K. M., Lee, C.-S. Abstract: Orientia tsutsugamushi , an obligate intracellular organism, is the causative agent of scrub typhus, which is endemic in the Asia-Pacific region. No comparative studies on the genotypic properties of O. tsutsugamushi have been performed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) in South Korea. Here, we characterized...

Published 08/13/20

Maraviroc inhibits SARS-CoV-2 multiplication and s-protein mediated cell fusion in cell culture

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.12.246389v1?rss=1 Authors: Risner, K., Tieu, K. V., Wang, Y., Bakovic, A., Bhalla, N., Nathan, S., Conway, D. E., Macklin, P., Narayanan, A. Abstract: In an effort to identify therapeutic intervention strategies for the treatment of COVID-19, we have investigated a selection of FDA-approved small molecules and biologics that are commonly used to treat other human diseases. A screen of 19 small molecules and 3 biologics...

Published 08/13/20

Attenuated influenza virions expressing the SARS- CoV-2 receptor-binding domain induce neutralizing antibodies in mice

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.12.248823v1?rss=1 Authors: Loes, A. N., Gentles, L. E., Greaney, A. J., Crawford, K. H., Bloom, J. D. Abstract: An effective vaccine is essential to controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we describe an influenza-virus-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. We incorporated a membrane-anchored form of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) in place of the neuraminidase (NA) coding sequence in an influenza...

Published 08/13/20

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike harbours a lipid binding pocket which modulates stability of the prefusion trimer

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.249177v1?rss=1 Authors: Carrique, L., Duyvesteyn, H. M. E., Malinaukas, T., Zhao, Y., Ren, J., Zhou, D., Walter, T. S., Radecke, J., Huo, J., Ruza, R., Shah, P. N., Fry, E. E., Stuart, D. I. Abstract: Large trimeric Spikes decorate SARS-CoV-2 and bind host cells via receptor binding domains (RBDs). We report a conformation in which the trimer is locked into a compact well-ordered form. This differs from previous...

Published 08/13/20

Gut microbial communities associated with phenotypically divergent populations of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.10.243956v1?rss=1 Authors: Zhong, H., Chen, J., Zhang, J., Li, F. Abstract: Chilo suppressalis is a serious stem borer of rice and water-oat, however, little is known about the effect of diet and gut compartments on the gut microbial communities of this species. We analyzed the microbial communities in phenotypically divergent populations of C. suppressalis. In original and cross-rearing populations, the most dominant...

Published 08/12/20

Antagonism of STAT3 signalling by Ebola virus

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.10.245464v1?rss=1 Authors: Harrison, A. R., Dearnley, M., Todd, S., Green, D., Marsh, G. A., Moseley, G. W. Abstract: Many viruses target signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and 2 to antagonise antiviral interferon (IFN) signalling, but targeting of signalling by other STATs/cytokines, including STAT3/interleukin (IL-) 6 that regulate processes important to Ebola virus (EBOV) haemorrhagic fever, is...

Published 08/12/20

Discovery of COVID-19 Inhibitors Targeting the SARS-CoV2 Nsp13 Helicase

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.09.243246v1?rss=1 Authors: White, M. A., Lin, W., Cheng, X. Abstract: The raging COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 has infected millions of people and killed several hundred thousand patients worldwide. Currently, there are no effective drugs or vaccines available for treating coronavirus infections. In this study, we have focused on the SARS-CoV2 helicase (Nsp13), which is critical for viral replication and the most...

Published 08/12/20

Worldwide tracing of mutations and the evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.07.242263v1?rss=1 Authors: Zhou, Z.-Y., Liu, H., Zhang, Y.-D., Wu, Y.-Q., Peng, M.-S., Li, A., Irwin, D. M., Li, H., Lu, J., Bao, Y., Lu, X., Liu, D., Zhang, Y.-P. Abstract: Understanding the mutational and evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for treating COVID-19 and the development of a vaccine. Here, we analyzed publicly available 15,818 assembled SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences, along with 2,350 raw sequence...

Published 08/12/20

An RNA-centric global view of Clostridioides difficile reveals broad activity of Hfq in a clinically important Gram-positive bacterium

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.10.244764v1?rss=1 Authors: Fuchs, M., Lamm-Schmidt, V., Ponath, F., Jenniches, L., Barquist, L., Vogel, J., Faber, F. Abstract: The Gram-positive human pathogen Clostridioides difficile has emerged as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Despite growing evidence for a role of Hfq in RNA-based gene regulation in C. difficile, little is known about the bacteriums transcriptome architecture and mechanisms of...

Published 08/12/20