Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.22.393199v1?rss=1 Authors: Pistono, A., Senoussi, M., Guerrier, L., Rafiq, M., Gimeno, M., Peran, P., Jucla, M., Pariente, J. Abstract: Language production deficits occur early in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, only few studies have focused on language functional networks in prodromal AD. The current study aims to uncover the extent of language alteration at a prodromal stage, on a behavioral, structural...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.21.390229v1?rss=1 Authors: Hecht, E. E., Kukekova, A., Gutman, D. A., Acland, G. M., Preuss, T. M., Trut, L. Abstract: The Russian fox-farm experiment is an unusually long-running and well-controlled study designed to replicate wolf-to-dog domestication. As such, it offers an unprecedented window onto the neural mechanisms governing the evolution of behavior. Here we report adaptations to gray matter morphology resulting...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.392258v1?rss=1 Authors: Huang, P., Correia, M. M., Rua, C., Rodgers, C. T., Henson, R. N., Carlin, J. D. Abstract: The arrival of submillimetre ultra high-field fMRI makes it possible to compare activation profiles across cortical layers. However, the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal measured by Gradient-Echo fMRI is biased towards superficial layers of the cortex, which is a serious confound for laminar...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.392274v1?rss=1 Authors: Fengler, A., Frank, M., Govindarajan, L., Chen, T. Abstract: In cognitive neuroscience, computational modeling can formally adjudicate between theories and affords quantitative fits to behavioral/brain data. Pragmatically, however, the space of plausible generative models considered is dramatically limited by the set of models with known likelihood functions. For many models, the lack of a...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.391698v1?rss=1 Authors: Voldsbekk, I., Barth, C., Maximov, I. I., Kaufmann, T., Beck, D., Richard, G., Moberget, T., Westlye, L. T., de Lange, A.-M. G. Abstract: Maternal brain adaptations occur in response to pregnancy, but little is known about how parity impacts white matter (WM) microstructure and WM ageing trajectories later in life. Utilising global and regional brain-age prediction based on multi-shell diffusion...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.21.392910v1?rss=1 Authors: Zeng, Y., Qin, S., Cui, Z., Wu, L., Xu, J., Tao, F., Yang, Z. Abstract: The dynamical organization of brain networks is essential to support human cognition and emotion for rapid adaption to ever-changing environment. As the core nodes of emotion-related brain circuitry, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and centromedial amygdala (CMA) are recognized as two major amygdalar nuclei that regulate...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.22.392985v1?rss=1 Authors: Noro, Y., Shimizu, H., Mineta, K., Gojobori, T. Abstract: The last common ancestor of Bilateria and Cnidaria is believed to be one of the first animals to develop a nervous system over 500 million years ago. Many of the genes involved in the neural function of the advanced nervous system in Bilateria are well conserved in Cnidaria. Thus, Cnidarian representative species, Hydra, is considered to...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.22.393355v1?rss=1 Authors: Tran, T. T., Tobin, K. E., Block, S. H., Puliyadi, V., Gallagher, M., Bakker, A. Abstract: There has been considerable focus on investigating age-related memory changes in cognitively healthy older adults, in the absence of neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have reported age-related domain-specific changes in older adults, showing increased difficulty encoding and processing object...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.21.392563v1?rss=1 Authors: Cataldo, A., Dupin, L., Dempsey-Jones, H., Gomi, H., Haggard, P. Abstract: Classical accounts of spatial perception are based either on the topological layout of sensory receptors, or on implicit spatial information provided by motor commands. In everyday self-touch, as when stroking the left arm with the right hand, these elements are inextricably linked, meaning that tactile and motor...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.21.392449v1?rss=1 Authors: Baik, S.-H., Selvaraji, S., Fann, D. Y., Jo, D.-G., Herr, D. R., Lai, M. K. P., Chen, C. L.-H., Drummond, G. R., Lim, K.-L., Sobey, C. G., Arumugam, T. Abstract: Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive cognitive impairment of vascular etiology. VaD is characterized by cerebral hypoperfusion, increased blood-brain barrier permeability and white matter lesions. An increased burden of VaD is...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.21.391458v1?rss=1 Authors: Cataldo, A., Hagura, N., Hyder, Y., Haggard, P. Abstract: Human perception of touch is mediated by inputs from multiple channels. Classical theories postulate independent contributions of each channel to each tactile feature, with little or no interaction between channels. In contrast to this view, we show that inputs from two sub-modalities of mechanical input channels interact to determine...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.391482v1?rss=1 Authors: Lopez-Gonzalez, A., Panda, R., Ponce-Alvarez, A., Zamora, G., Escrichs, A., Martial, C., Thibaut, A., Gosseries, O., Kringelbach, M. L., Annen, J., Laureys, S., Deco, G. Abstract: Low-level states of consciousness are characterised by disruptions of brain dynamics that sustain arousal and awareness. Yet, how structural, dynamical, local and network brain properties interplay in the different...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.22.393397v1?rss=1 Authors: Magri, C., Konkle, T., Caramazza, A. Abstract: In human occipitotemporal cortex, brain responses to depicted inanimate objects have a large-scale organization by real-world object size. Critically, the size of objects in the world is systematically related to behaviorally-relevant properties: small objects are often grasped and manipulated (e.g., forks), while large objects tend to be less...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.392308v1?rss=1 Authors: Ohata, R., Asai, T., Imaizumi, S., Imamizu, H. Abstract: The subjective experience of causing an action is known as the sense of agency. Dysfunction in the sense of agency has been suggested as a cause of auditory hallucinations (AHs), an important diagnostic criterion for schizophrenia. However, agency over speech has not been extensively characterized in previous empirical studies. Here, we...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.392001v1?rss=1 Authors: Györi, J., Kohn, A. B., Romanova, D., Moroz, L. L. Abstract: ATP and its ionotropic P2X receptors are components of the most ancient signaling systems. However, little is known about the distribution and function of purinergic transmission in invertebrates. Here, we cloned, expressed, and pharmacologically characterized P2X receptors in the sea slug Aplysia californica - the prominent model in...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.390955v1?rss=1 Authors: Minino, R., Troisi Lopez, E., Sorrentino, P., Rucco, R., Lardone, A., Pesoli, M., Tafuri, D., Mandolesi, L., Sorrentino, G., Liparoti, M. Abstract: The use of rhythmic acoustic stimulation (RAS) in improving gait and balance in healthy elderly subjects has been widely investigated. However, methodologies and results are often controversial. In this study, we hypothesize that both the kinematic...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.390120v1?rss=1 Authors: Cetin-Karayumak, S., Stegmayer, K., Walther, S., Szeszko, P. R., Crow, T., James, A., Keshavan, M., Kubicki, M., Rathi, Y. Abstract: The findings from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) studies often show inconsistent and sometimes contradictory results due to small sample sizes as well as differences in acquisition parameters and pre-/post-processing methods. To address these...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.392175v1?rss=1 Authors: Tokarew, J. M., El Kodsi, D. N., Lengacher, N. A., Fehr, T. K., Nguyen, A. P., Shutinoski, B., O'Nuallain, B., Jin, M., Khan, J., Ng, A. C. H., Li, J., Jiang, Q., Zhang, M., Wang, L., Sengupta, R., Barber, K., Tran, A., Zandee, S., Dong, X., Scherzer, C. R., Prat, A., Tsai, E., Takanashi, M., Hattori, N., Chan, J. A., Zecca, L., West, A., Holmgren, A., Puente, L., Shaw, G. S., Toth, G., Woulfe,...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.391805v1?rss=1 Authors: Wall, M. B., Freeman, T. P., Hindocha, C., Demetriou, L., Ertl, N., Freeman, A. M., Jones, A. P. M., Lawn, W., Pope, R., Mokrysz, C., Solomons, D., Statton, B., Walker, H. R., Yamamori, Y., Yang, Z., Yim, J. L. L., Nutt, D. J., Howes, O. D., Curran, H. V., Bloomfield, M. Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) and {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are two major constituents of cannabis with contrasting...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.17.387043v1?rss=1 Authors: Kalidindi, H. T., Cross, K. P., Lillicrap, T. P., Omrani, M., Falotico, E., Sabes, P. N., Scott, S. H. Abstract: Recent studies hypothesize that motor cortical (MC) dynamics are generated largely through its recurrent connections based on observations that MC activity exhibits rotational structure. However, behavioural and neurophysiological studies suggest that MC behaves like a feedback...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.17.385898v1?rss=1 Authors: Wang, X., Li, X.-H., Cho, J. W., Russ, B., Rajamani, N., Omelchenko, A., Ai, L., Korchmaros, A., Garcia-Saldivar, P., Wang, Z., Kalin, N. H., Schroeder, C. E., Craddock, R. C., Fox, A. S., Evans, A. C., Messinger, A., Milham, M. P., Xu, T. Abstract: Brain extraction (a.k.a. skull stripping) is a fundamental step in the neuroimaging pipeline as it can affect the accuracy of downstream preprocess...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.17.385450v1?rss=1 Authors: Earley, E. J., Johnson, R. E., Sensinger, J. W., Hargrove, L. Abstract: Accurate control of human limbs involves both feedforward and feedback signals. For prosthetic arms, feedforward control is commonly accomplished by recording myoelectric signals from the residual limb to predict the user's intent, but augmented feedback signals are not explicitly provided in commercial devices. Previous...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.19.390286v1?rss=1 Authors: Chiuffa Tunes, G., de Oliveira, E. F., Vieira, E. U. P., Caetano, M. S., Cravo, A. M., Reyes, M. B. Abstract: Although time is a fundamental dimension of life, we do not know how the brain encodes the temporal information. Several brain areas underlie the temporal information, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum, but evidence of how they cooperate to process temporal...

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.390435v1?rss=1 Authors: Karimi, H., Marefat, H., Khanbagi, M., Kalafatis, C., Modarres, M. H., Vahabi, Z., Khaligh-Razavi, S.-M. Abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) has been commonly used to measure brain alterations in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, reported changes are limited to those obtained from using univariate measures, including activation level and frequency bands. To look beyond the activation level,...