Description
In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of epidermal inclusion cyst!
Key teaching points include:
* Epidermal inclusion cyst is the most common cutaneous cyst.
* Can occur anywhere: Head, neck, trunk, extremities.
* Benign, keratin-containing cyst lined by a wall of stratified squamous epithelium.
* On ultrasound, appears as a well-circumscribed, round to oval mass with broad (50%) contact with dermis, nonvascular and with posterior acoustic enhancement.
* Hypoechoic to minimally hyperechoic with internal linear echogenic and anechoic debris = “Pseudotestis.”
* Presence of a focal hypoechoic tract extending towards epidermis adds specificity = “Submarine sign.” May see overlying punctum on skin surface = Small, dark-colored opening.
* Epidermal inclusion cysts are different from sebaceous cysts. Sebaceous cysts originate from sebaceous glands, contain sebum and are less common.
* Epidermal inclusion cysts contain keratin, not sebum, but are often incorrectly referred to as sebaceous cysts.
* Epidermal inclusion cyst vs. epidermoid cyst. Epidermoid cyst is a non-neoplastic cyst lined only by squamous epithelium. Epidermal inclusion cyst is a specific type of epidermoid cyst caused by implantation of epidermal elements in the dermis. All epidermal inclusion cysts are epidermoid cysts, but not all epidermoid cysts are epidermal inclusion cysts.
* Can become ruptured or infected: Ill-defined or lobular margins, internal blood flow, peri-lesional soft tissue inflammation, adjacent fat focally hyperechoic or hyperemic. DDx for complicated epidermal inclusion cyst: Neurogenic tumors and other neoplasms.
* Uncomplicated cysts typically do not require treatment, but if infected may require I&D or excision. Growing cysts may also require excision.
* Rare (1%) malignant degeneration to squamous cell carcinoma, less commonly basal cell carcinoma.
References:
Jacobson JA, Middleton WD, Allison SJ, et al. Ultrasonography of Superficial Soft-Tissue Masses: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Statement. Radiology 2022; 304:18-30. https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiol.211101
To learn more about the Samsung RS85 Prestige ultrasound system, please visit: https://www.bostonimaging.com/rs85-prestige-ultrasound-system-4
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Key teaching points include:
* Benign tumor of the parathyroid glands
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Published 04/04/24
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Key teaching points include:
* Parotitis = Inflammation of the parotid glands
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