Domjan, Michael – Pavlovian Conditioning: It Is Not About the CR, But About Modification of a Behavioral System- Pavlovian conditioning is typically thought of in terms of the common example of a dog salivating to a cue that occurs reliably before the delivery of meat powder. Conditioned salivation (the conditioned response or CR) was viewed ad reflecting an association of the cue and the meat powder, and Pavlovian conditioning became a favorite method of scientists whose primary interest was to elucidate the mechanisms of association learning. Investigators worked hard to find situations in which the conditioned response was convenient to measure and occured reliably. They focused on iidentifying experimental conditions which would predictably increase or decrease the target CR. I will argue that this focus on a target conditioned response misses the broader biological significance of Pavlovian conditioning, which is to enable organisms to interact more effectively with significant biological events or unconditioned stimuli (Uss). The broader perspective suggests that Pavlovian conditioning, produces a wide range of behavioral and physiological adjustments that enable the orgsnism not only to better prepare for the impending occurence of the unconditioned stimulus but to also deal with the US more effectively at both the behavioral and physiological level. Thus, Pavlovian conditioning produces a reorganization of the biobehavioral system that is activated by the US. This broader perspective will be illustrated with examples from appetitive, aversive, and sexual conditioning.