From ancient myths to science fiction, humans have long been fascinated by the idea of transcending the limits of our natural lifespan. But what does modern medicine say about the practical, actual possibilities of extending human life? Joining us to explore this tantalizing question is Tony Wyss-Coray, PhD, a neuroscientist and director of the Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at Stanford University. While his research focuses on age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, his work has involved identifying the “biological age” of various organs and its implications on various diseases, and treating old animals with the blood of young animals to halt, and even reverse, aging of the body.  Over the course of our conversation, we not only discuss the mysterious mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration, but also venture beyond the lab to explore the philosophical and ethical dimensions of life extension. We ask: how does our understanding of aging affect our perception of self and identity? Is aging a disease to be treated? What are our social and moral obligations when it comes to prolonging life or enhancing brain function? Is immortality even desirable? In this episode, we discuss:  2:30 - How Dr. Wyss-Coray became drawn to neuroscience  4:45 - Defining neurodegeneration and aging  9:26 - The studies that led Dr. Wyss-Coray and his team to finding the gap between biological age and chronological age 21:06 - Is reversing the aging of an organism’s body a realistic goal?  28:31 - The possibilities and limits of treating neurodegenerative conditions  33:49 - Dr. Wyss-Coray’s groundbreaking work in treating old animals with the blood of young animals to reverse aging 38:51 - The philosophical and moral implications of life extension 48:57 - Dr. Wyss-Coray insight into the “secrets” behind some people’s longevity  Dr. Tony Wyss-Coray can be found on Twitter/X at @wysscoray. Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes. If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected]. Copyright The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2023