Thanks and Gratitude

All topics covered and the future of the continent. Ifedoyin Shotunde: Visual Artist and Sculptor

The rise of democracy, the evolution of tyranny and the nature of coups, the structural adjustment programs, and the intellectual, economic, and political transformations. Nic Cheeseman: Department of International Development, University of Birmingham. Nicole Beardsworth: Department of Political Science, University of Pretoria. Miles Larmer: Department of History, University of Oxford.

United Nations and Africa, the role of Africans, the shifting narrative of Africa within these organisations. Sacha Hepburn: Department of History, Birkbeck University of London. Marie Huber: Department of History, Humboldt University of Berlin. Nicole Beardsworth: Department of Political Science, University of Pretoria.

The international nature of the resistance, uMkhonto we sizwe, the utilization of global organisations for the struggle. Brendon Nichols: School of English, University of Leeds. Nicole Beardsworth: Department of Political Science, University of Pretoria. Tamikar Sankar: Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics.

From Nasser to Sadat, the first Arab state to recognize Israel is African, and the role of the continent in the machinations of the Middle East Yotam Gidron: Department of History, Durham University Amina El-Abed: Managing Partner, Impart Peace

The battle of ideologies, the role of Africans in the push and pull during the cold war, coup d'etats, civil wars and revolutions. Olayinka Ajala: Department of Politics and International Relations, Leeds Beckett University. Tinuke Adigun: School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. Marie Huber: Department of History, Humboldt University of Berlin.

The role of literature, the conference, the impact of writing on society, the adoption of English, French, Portuguese as the educational languages of the new African states Brendon Nichols: School of English, University of Leeds James Currey: Editor of The African Writers Series at Heinemann (1967 - 1984) Mugabi Byenkya: Author of Dear Philomena

The creation of the OAU and the emergence of new African states on the world stage. Adom Getachew: Department of Political Science, University of Chicago.

Birth of Pan-Africanism, Marcus Garvey, The Fifth Pan-African conference in Manchester, formation of political parties, and the brutal struggles. Hakim Adi: Department of History, University of Chichester.

The First World War, the role of Versailles, The Second World War, the Atlantic Charter, and The Cold War Sacha Hepburn: Department of History, Birkbeck, University of London. Richard Drayton: Department of History, King's College, London. Tim Livsey: Department of History, University of Northumbria Olayinka Ajala: Department of Politics and International Relations, Leeds Beckett University

The Berlin Conference 1884/85, the role of the maxim gun, and the way colonialism gradually became the order of the day, across the continent. Richard Drayton: Department of History, King's College, London. Miles Larmer: Department of History, University of Oxford. Damilola Adebayo: Department of History, University of Cambridge.

The start of the trade, the role of Europeans and Africans in the slave trade, interesting stories and anecdotes, the end of the trade and its legacies. Richard Drayton: Department of History, King''s College, London. Padraic Scanlan: Department of History, University of Toronto. Damilola Adebayo: Department of History, University of Cambridge.

The arrival of the Europeans, the exchange of ambassadors during this period, trade, iron works, small scale industrialization, the role of art in different societies, and the spread of religion. Onyeka Nubia: Department of History, University of Nottingham. Toby Green: Department of History, King's College, London. Jimoh Ganiyu: Department of Creative Arts, University of Lagos.

The importance of the state, balancing internal and external threats, tax collection, and the introduction of vast standing armies possessing firearms. Toby Green: Department of History, King's College, London. Hassoum Ceesay: Director General, National Centre for Arts and Culture, The Gambia. Steven Pierce: Department of History, University of Manchester.