Celebrated research psychologist Gary Klein has spent nearly 50 years studying how and why people make the decisions they do. On this episode, Klein calls on those five decades of experience to discuss pioneering the field of naturalistic decision making, the difference between experience and expertise, why some people stagnate at an intermediate level, Cognitive Flexibility Theory, the role of storytelling, how to gain insights, fixation errors, cognitive biases, mental models, how to fast-track expertise, and so much more.   During his career Klein has developed several models of cognitive processes as well as research and application methods, some of which have been incorporated in U.S. Army doctrine for command and control. In 2015 Klein founded ShadowBox LLC, a cognitive skills training company that has been employed in the military, law enforcement, healthcare, social services, and petrochemical domains, and provides a flexible, scenario-based training technique that allows trainees to see the world through the eyes of experts. He is also the author of five books, including the 2013 release Seeing What Others Don't: The Remarkable Ways We Gain Insights. -- Want even more? Members get early access, hand-edited transcripts, member-only episodes, and so much more. Learn more here: https://fs.blog/membership/ Every Sunday our Brain Food newsletter shares timeless insights and ideas that you can use at work and home. Add it to your inbox: https://fs.blog/newsletter/ Follow Shane on Twitter at: https://twitter.com/ShaneAParrish