Eran Elinav, MD, PhD, is a professor of immunology and principal investigator at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Tel Aviv, Israel, where he co-directs the Personalized Nutrition Project. Dr. Elinav is also a principal investigator at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany. His research focuses on understanding the complex interactions between humans and the bacteria that reside in their gut and how these interactions shape human health and disease. In this episode, Dr. Elinav and I discuss... 00:06:38 - Circadian rhythm of the microbiome 00:17:17 - Lessons from Hunter-gatherers 00:24:44 - Nurturing the microbiome in children 00:35:16 - Triglycerides and cholesterol 00:38:58 - Saturated fat 00:40:25 - Effect of artificial sweeteners on the microbiome 00:56:10 - What causes recurrent obesity 00:58:17 - Impact of caloric restriction 00:59:26 - Intestinal permeability (gut leakiness) 01:19:54 - Bacteriophage therapy and precision probiotics 01:34:44 - Bacterial role in TMAO risk 01:40:33 - Weight gain from smoking cessation 01:41:53 - Tips for diet personalization Get the show notes: https://www.foundmyfitness.com/episodes/eran-elinav Looking for more?  Join over 300,000 people and get the latest distilled information on sleep, depression, and fasting straight to your inbox weekly: https://www.foundmyfitness.com/newsletter Try thirty days of our FoundMyFitness premium member to get access to exclusive episodes, emails, a live Q+A with Rhonda and more: https://www.foundmyfitness.com/trial