The facial nerve is the 7th cranial nerve and carries nerve fibers that control facial movement and expression. The facial nerve also carries nerves that are involved in taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and producing tears (lacrimal gland).Intracranial branchesGreater petrosal nerve, communicating branch with otic ganglion, nerve to stapedius, chorda tympaniExtracranial branchesPosterior auricular nerve, branch to posterior digastric belly, branch to stylohyoid muscle, temporal branch,...

Abducent nerve: 6th cranial nerve : Gray's anatomy It's also known as the abducens nerve. This condition causes problems with eye movement. The sixth cranial nerve sends signals to your lateral rectus muscle. This is a small muscle that attaches to the outer side of your eye. When this muscle contracts, your eye moves away from your nose.

The trigeminal nerve is the part of the nervous system responsible for sending pain, touch and temperature sensations from your face to your brain. It's a large, three-part nerve in your head that provides sensation. One section called the mandibular nerve involves motor function to help you chew and swallow.each of the fifth and largest pair of cranial nerves, supplying the front part of the head and dividing into the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The nerve has three...

The trochlear nerve is one of 12 sets of cranial nerves. It enables movement in the eye's superior oblique muscle. This makes it possible to look down. The nerve also enables you to move your eyes toward your nose or away from it.

The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve (CN III). It allows movement of the eye muscles, constriction of the pupil, focusing the eyes and the position of the upper eyelid. Cranial nerve III works with other cranial nerves to control eye movements and support sensory functioning.

The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages. You have one connecting the back of each eye (your retina) to your brain. Damage to an optic nerve can cause vision loss. The type of vision loss and how severe it is depends on where the damage occurs.

The olfactory nerve is the first cranial nerve (CN I). It is a sensory nerve that functions for the sense of smell. Olfaction is phylogenetically referred to as the oldest of the senses. It is carried out through special visceral afferent nerve.

Gray's anatomy:Cranial nerves & Pharyngeal arches. 12 cranial nerves Pick your favorite study tool Videos   Quizzes   Both 12 cranial nerves Author: Jana Vasković MD • Reviewer: Nicola McLaren MSc Last reviewed: March 03, 2022 Reading time: 23 minutes  Facial nerve (lateral right view) You know when someone mentions cranial nerves and you roll your eyes all the way back to your midbrain? We know that cranial nerves have always been a challenging subject among anatomy...

Subdural haematoma Separation of the arachnoid and dura mater requires little physical force, which means that damage to small bridging veins in the space can result in subdural haematoma after even relatively mild head trauma. In cases of chronic or subacute subdural haematomas, the accumulation is of relatively low pressure and seldom presents as a medical emergency; even sizeable accumulations may be tolerated on a chronic basis with mild or no symptoms, and can be surgically drained...

Cavernous sinus : Gray's anatomy The cavernous sinus is part of the brain's dural venous sinus and contains multiple neuro-vasculatures. It is situated bilaterally to the sella turcica and extends from the superior orbital fissure anteriorly to the petrous part of the temporal bone posteriorly, and is about 1 cm wide and 2 cm long.The cavernous sinus is located on either side of the pituitary fossa and body of the sphenoid bone between the endosteal and meningeal layers of the dura. It spans...

ll iabetes mellitus is the third leading cause lJ of death (after heart disease and cancer) in many developed countries. lt affects about 2 to 3% of the general population. The complications of diabetes affect the eye, kidney and nervous system. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, renal failure, amputation, heart attacks and stroke. (The term diabetes, whenever used, refers to diabetes mellitus. lt should, however, be noted that diabetes insipidus is another disorder characterized by...

f nvironment constitutes the non-living (air, Lwater, land, energy etc.) as well as the living (biological and social) systems surrounding man. Environmental biochemistry primarily deals with the metabolic (biochemical) responses and adaptations in man (or other organisms) due to the environmental factors. A healthy environment is required for a healthy life which is however, not really possible or practicable. This is mainly because of the atmospheric (climatic) changes and environmental...

A cquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Awas first reported in 1981 in'homosexual men. AIDS is a retroviral disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HlV). The disease is characterized by immunosuppression, secondary neoplasma and neurological manifestations. AIDS is invariably fatal since there is no cure. In the USA, it is the fourth leading cause of death in men between the ages 15 to 55 years. No other disease has attracted as much aftention as AIDS by the governments, public...

l-h" supply of oxygen is absolutely essential I for the existence of higher organisms. As the saying goes too much of even the best is bad. Very high concentrations of 02 are found to be toxic, and can damage tissues. The present day concept of oxygen toxicity is due to the involvement of oxygen free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). In fact, the generation of reactive metabolites of 02 is an integral part of our daily life. A free radical is defined as a molecule or a mof ecular...

The term detoxication or detoxificafion refers to fhe series of biochemical reactions occurring in the body to convert the foreign (often toxic) compounds to non-toxic or less toxic, and more easily excretable forms.Knowledge of the metabolism ol xenobiotics is essenfial for the understanding of toxicology, pharmacology and drug addiction. The bodV possesses the capabilitg to get rid of the foreign subsfonces by conuerting them into more easily excretoble forms. Detoxit'ication is not...

prostaglandins and their related compounds- I prostacyclins (PGl), thromboxanes (TXA), leukotrienes (LT) and lipoxins are collectively known as eicosaniods, since they all contain 20 carbons (Creek : eikosi-twenty). Eicosanoids are considered as locally acting hormones with a wide range of biochemical functions. History : Prostaglandins (PCs) were first discovered in human semen by Ulf von Euler (of Sweden) in 1930. These compounds were found to stimulate uterine contraction and reduce blood...

T h" plasma membrane is an envelope I surrounding the cell \Refer Fig.l.l). lt separates and protects the cell from the external hostile environment. Besides being a protective barrier, plasma membrane provides a connecting system between the cell and its environment. The subcellular organelles such as nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes are also surrounded by membranes. Chemical cormpcsitron The membranes are composed of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. The actual compo- sition differs from...

By Rabbi Ezekiel Isaac Malekar Swami Vivekananda always stood for harmony of religions. He spoke about acceptance of all religions as true and appealed to religious and spiritual leaders to shun all forms of religious fanaticism, persecution, and violence – this he said in a speech at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago 125 years ago, and it is urgently needed even today. Swami ji believed that Hinduism is a way of life and in no way related to any political ideology. He also said...

Faith In God, The Self, And In The World Around By: C L Gulati Jan 10, 2022, 17:08 IST Whenever we require something in life, we acquaint ourselves with its known attributes and characteristics for an objective test to affirm our faith in its genuineness. Once the attributes are testified, it becomes all the more reason to pin faith on it and accept it to serve our purpose. Faith does not work apart from intellect but gives soul to the intellect; it gives a power that the mind can never...

By Inder Raj Ahluwalia. His entire life a saga of selfless sacrifice, nobleness of thoughts and actions, and supreme belief in justice and dharma, Guru Gobind Singh was a guru and apostle. In his life span of merely forty-odd years, the Guru left behind a priceless legacy of beliefs and principles that have shaped Sikh thinking and behaviour and are of great relevance today. Guru Gobind Singh’s life was one big struggle. His father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was martyred in Delhi to save...

By Sant Rajinder Singh:As we reflect on how we can better our lives in the new year, here is a blueprint to help us lead the kind of life God wishes for us. Our lives should be centred on love – love for God and love for our fellow beings. When we open our hearts to them and take time to be with those we love, think more about others, and try to show them how we feel. When we radiate warmth and love to all around us, when we are more patient, more tolerant, more compassionate to others. When...

By Ullhas Pagey Isaac Newton was not only an eminent mathematician and physicist but also an erudite philosopher, a deeply spiritual person and a theologian known for Biblical literalism. To most of us, Newton is known for his laws of motion, and there appears to be a striking similarity between these laws and some tenets of Indic philosophy. Newton’s first law, also known as the law of inertia, states that if a thing is at rest, it will continue to be at rest and if it is in...

Jesus Says Through Struggle Centring Happens By: Osho Dec 22, 2021, 13:13 IST Jesus says: Men possibly think that I have come to throw peace upon the world, and they do not know that I have come to throw divisions upon the earth – fire, sword, war. Whenever a man like Jesus comes, the world is immediately divided between those who are for him and those who are against him. You cannot find a single person who is indifferent to Jesus. Whenever a Jesus-type is there, immediately the world is...

By Osho You don’t know the usefulness of the useless. In fact, the useful is only useful so far. It has a certain utility, but the useless has no limitation to it. What is the use of a rose flower? No use, but life would be very empty without rose flowers. What is the use of laughter? It is not a commodity; it does not feed people. If you are hungry, it will not help. If you are ill, it will not help, it is not medicine. If you are fighting with somebody it will not help, it is not an atom...

When Prized Possessions Gain Immortality By: Sudhamahi Regunathan Jan 06, 2022, 16:04 IST One of the side effects of the pandemic has been that every one, at some time or other, has ‘cleaned’ their house. Looking at all the stuff they have collected they have asked almost innocently, ‘How did we manage to collect so much?’ Suitcases and cupboards full of clothes and other things that one had not even seen for the past few years but could still not be thrown away. “Our desire to possess says...