In this episode, we cover when to suspect and investigate - or more importantly NOT investigate patients for potential inherited thrombophilias.  Written by: Chloe Gordon (Internal Medicine Resident)  Reviewed by: Dr. Eric Tseng (Hematologist) and Dr. Vicky Tagalakis (General Internist)  Support the show

In this episode, we discuss the clinical presentation, consensus diagnostic criteria and pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies to manage a patient with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS).  Written by: Dr. David Bobrowski (Internal Medicine Resident) Reviewed by: Dr. Tosin Osuntokun and Dr. Paula Harvey (Cardiologists) and Dr. James Rassos (General Internist) Sound editing by: Alison Lai Support the show

In this episode, we discuss the clinical presentation, severity grading, investigations and management for patients presenting with cholecystitis or cholangitis. Our medicine minute discusses a promising new technique for patients with non-operative cholecystitis.  Podcast written by: Drs. Amine Zoughlami  and Ikram Abow-Mohamed (Internal Medicine residents) Reviewed by:  Dr. Constantine Soulellis (Gastroenterology) and Dr. Sanabelle Zaabat (Internal Medicine) Sound editing by: Alison...

We covered upper GI bleed a few weeks ago, but we'd be remiss if we didn't address the other half of the GI tract! This week we take you through our approach to lower GI bleeding and its management, including recent guideline updates.  Written by: Dr. Ikram Abow-Mohamed & Dr. Amine Zoughlami (Internal Medicine Residents)  Reviewed by: Dr. Alan Barkun (Gastroenterology) & Dr. Sanabelle Zaabat (Internal Medicine).  Support the show

Written by Dr. Tiffany Mach (Internal Medicine Resident) and reviewed by Dr. Vincent Larouche (Endocrinology) and Dr. Romina Pace (General Internal Medicine). Infographic by Vincent Li (Medical Student).  Support the show

In this episode, we discuss two main causes of hypoxia as well as the utility of the A-a gradient to help determine the underlying etiology. We discuss different methods of oxygen delivery and briefly review etiologies that may cause hypoxia. Our medicine minute discusses the discovery and current controversy regarding pulse oximeters.  Episode written by: Dr. Anna Tyker (Internal Medicine Resident) Reviewed by: Dr. Christine D’Arsigny (Respirology and Critical Care) and Dr. Amelia Wilkinson...

In this episode, we review the main causes of four different types of shock: hypovolemic, cardiac, obstructive and distributive (or vasoplegic). We discuss both initial assessment and management of a patient in shock, as well as more focused therapies for specific etiologies. Our medicine minute discusses the choice for initial vasopressors as well as the evidence behind current MAP targets. Written by: Dr. Krish Bilimoria (Internal Medicine resident) Reviewed by: Dr. Camille Simard (GIM, OB...

In this episode we cover the history of AKI and an approach to its diagnosis and management. We also cover landmark trials!  Written by: Dr. Thulasie Manokaran (Internal Medicine Resident) Reviewed by: Tyrone Harrison (Nephrologist) and Dr. Michael Fisher (General Internist)  Support the show

Have you heard of the "bubble boy?" In this episode, we outline an approach to hypogammaglobulinemia - a fascinating outpatient medicine topic! Episode written by Dr. Vivian Szeto (Internal Medicine resident) and reviewed by Dr. Rongbo Zhu (Clinical Allergy and Immunology) and Dr. Marko Mrkobrada (General Internal Medicine). Infographic by Dr. Valarie Kim (Internal Medicine resident).  Support the show

This week we cover an increasingly common diagnosis - eosinophilic esophagitis. We will discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and help you remember the approach to treatment.  Written by: Dr. Michael Scaffidi (Internal Medicine Resident) Reviewed by: Dr. Samir Grover (Gastroenterologist) and Dr. Don Thiwanka Wijeratne (General Internist) Support the show

In this episode, we discuss the clinical presentation, laboratory abnormalities, initial work-up and treatment of TTP. We review the pathophysiology and also how to distinguish TTP from other MAHAs based on the patient's lab findings and clinical presentation. The medicine minute discusses the first known case of TTP and the timeline of discovery of the etiology behind TTP.  Written by: Dr. Jodi Chiu  (Internal Medicine resident) Reviewed by:  Dr. Cyrus Hsia (Hematology) and Dr. Rasha Abdul...

Today's episode is all about a rare disease that you may encounter on your allergy and immunology rotation! This episode was written by Dr. Candice Luo (Internal Medicine Resident) and reviewed by Dr. Paul Keith (Allergy and Immunology) and Dr. Zahira Khalid (General Internal Medicine). Infographic by Dr. Cailyn Vlasschaert (Internal Medicine Resident).  Support the show

In this episode we take you through all the need-to-knows for your next patient with dilated cardiomyopathy!  Written by: Dr. Jasper Ho (Internal Medicine Resident)  Reviewed by: Dr. Katie Connolly (Cardiologist) and Dr. John Neary (General Internist) Support the show

In this episode, we discuss the approach to a patient with SVC syndrome. This includes considering both malignant and non-malignant causes. Treatment focuses on relief of the obstruction and investigation and management of malignant causes. Our medicine minute discusses a 2021 trial reviewing endovascular therapy for SVC syndrome. Written by: Dr. Samuel Chan (Internal Medicine Resident) Reviewed by: Dr. John Goffin (Medical Oncologist) and Dr. Andrew Cheung (General Internist) Podcast...

At the intersection of endocrinology and gynaecology is an important topic- polycystic ovarian syndrome! This episode was written by Dr. Sooyoun Shin (Internal Medicine Resident) and reviewed by Dr. Shoba Sujana Kumar (Endocrinology) and Dr. Rupal Shah (General Internal Medicine). Podcast produced by Kiera Liblik (medical student). Infographic by Dr. Shannon Gui (Internal Medicine Resident).  Support the show

In this episode we break down the lengthy list of causes of myocarditis. We cover guidelines for biopsy and work-up and management approaches.  Written by: Dr. Dhruv Krishnan (Internal Medicine resident) Reviewed by: Dr. Samir Hazra (Cardiologist) and Dr. Steven Montague (General Internist) Support the show

Sarcoma's are rare, and sometimes coined the "forgotten cancer." Learn more about sarcoma so that you don't miss this on your differential diagnosis of internal medicine patients! Written by Dr. Megan Smith-Uffen (Internal Medicine Resident) and reviewed by Dr. Richard Tozer (Medical Oncology) and Dr. John Neary (General Internal Medicine). Infographic by Dr. Valerie Kim (Internal Medicine Resident).  Support the show

In this episode we cover a condition that is anxiety provoking for patients and healthcare workers alike. We take you through our approach to both life threatening and non life threatening hemoptysis.  Support the show

In this episode, we review the staging, management and treatment options for chronic kidney disease. Though most patients may present asymptomatically at first, we review the symptoms and physical findings to look out for when examining a patient with CKD. Our medicine minute discusses EMPA-KIDNEY, and the evidence that supports the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in CKD management. Written by: Dr. Susan Thanabalasingam (Internal Medicine Resident) Reviewed by: Dr. Christine A. White (Nephrologist)...

In this episode, we review the clinical presentation, specialized physical exam maneuvers, investigations and management of ankylosing spondylitis. Our medicine minute reviews the Choosing Wisely guidelines for Rheumatology.  Podcast written by: Dr. Emma Reesor (Internal Medicine Resident) Reviewed by: Dr. Raj Carmona (Rheumatologist) and Dr. Stephen Gilick (General Internist) Sound editing by: Alison Lai Infographic Design by: Alison Lai Support the show

We're starting off the new year with an outpatient medicine episode! Take a listen to learn more about primary hyperaldosteronism, a common cause of resistant hypertension. Written by Dr. Isabel Shamsudeen, Internal medicine resident, and reviewed by Dr. Stan Van Uum, Endocrinology and Dr. Andrew Appleton, General Internal Medicine. Infographic by Dr. Shannon Gui, Internal Medicine Resident.  Support the show

In this episode, Drs. Michael Fralick and Alison Lai get together to talk about the state of digital education in Internal Medicine across Canada. They talk about the origin stories of their podcast, how they stay up to date, and where they hope to see the digital education sphere! We then present the latest episode of The Rounds Table, hosted by brothers Dr. Michael Fralick and John Fralick. Support the show

In this episode, Dr. Sheliza Halani interviews special guest Dr. Alon Vaisman (Infectious Diseases) on the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). They discuss the definitions of severity of C. difficile, recommendations for current treatment and testing, prophylaxis and surgical management options.  Producer and Host:...

In this episiode, Dr. Sheliza Halani interview Dr. Jameel Abdulrehman (Hematology, Thrombosis) about the latest recommendations in the  CHEST 2021 Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: Second Update of the CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report Host: Dr. Sheliza Halani Guest: Dr. Jameel Abdulrehman, Hematologist, Assistant Professor at University of Toronto Sound Editing: Alison Lai Support the show